Greek protests show democracy in action

by Costas Douzinas

Guardian
February 7, 2011

The Greek minister for public transport, Dimitris Reppas, stated last week that the government would not let "Greece [be] exposed to the risk of international disrepute and marginalisation, [the] destination of countries characterised by anomie. The attack on the social acceptability of the free-rider and the political dismantling of its simulacrum of progressiveness is paramount."

The harassed minister was referring to the mass protests that have gripped Greece in the last month. They include the "can't pay, wont pay" movement which encourages people to stop paying the extortionate tolls on Greece's atrocious roads or the public transport fares which went up 40% last week. Doctors have been on strike for a week and have occupied the ministry of health; strikes by public transport employees, despite repeated court decisions declaring them unlawful, have brought Athens to a standstill. A pending farmers' strike will complete the picture. Greece has entered a period of crisis highlighted by the condemnation of the inhumanity of the treatment of refugees by the European court of human rights last week. The minister confirmed it. When governments start claiming that citizens have an absolute duty to obey the law, they implicitly recognise that their policies – and therefore their moral authority – have failed.

What the minister, in his ignorance and desperation, called "anomie", political and legal theory examines under the term "civil disobedience". From Antigone to the campaigners for workers' and civil rights, pacifists, suffragettes and conscientious objectors, disobedience is not simple illegality. It is the outward sign of moral conscience and of political fidelity to the principles of justice and democracy. Throughout history, disobedience has changed regimes, constitutions and laws – as we are currently witnessing in Egypt.

The mass disobedience against racial discrimination and the Vietnam war in the US in the 60s and 70s led to a major debate among judges and political philosophers, which concluded that in certain circumstances disobedience was not only allowed but required – and the courts must protect those who undertake it. The argument following classical liberal philosophy went as follows. Political power is legitimate when it promotes individual autonomy. In its Rousseauian version, we the people are both legislators and subjects, masters and servants. Citizens have given their implicit consent to the constitution and government in a real or virtual social contract and have promised their obedience in return for laws that promote the common good and justice.

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